BONEFILL® block as alternative for bone substitute: a toxicological evaluation

Bone substitutes based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and Bonefill® (BO - inorganic bovine bone) associated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (HA/PLGA and BO/PLGA) were evaluated concerning cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity as potential candidates for bone repair. The materials were developed and provided by Bionnovation Biomedical Products Ltda. Eluates from these bone substitutes were prepared for toxicity evaluations using eukaryotic cell cultures. HA/PLGA was used as a comparison for Bonefill®. Cell viability was evaluated by XTT assay and surviving fraction was calculated for clonogenic survival. Additionally, tail moment was used to assess genotoxicity (comet assay). The frequencies of binucleated cells with micronucleus (FBMN), micronucleus (FMN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) were analysed by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN assay). Results showed no statistical difference in cell viability compared with negative control (NC) The eluates did not promote delayed cytotoxicity whereas the surviving fraction rate for cultured cells was similar to NC. Furthermore, no genotoxicity or mutagenicity effects were observed for cultured cells with the Bonefill/PLGA and HA/PLGA eluates. In conclusion, the negative cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity results indicate that these bone substitutes presented interesting preliminary results as potential biomaterials for bone repair

BONEFILL® block as alternative for bone substitute: a toxicological evaluation

Bone substitutes based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and Bonefill® (BO - inorganic bovine bone) associated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (HA/PLGA and BO/PLGA) were evaluated concerning cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity as potential candidates for bone repair. The materials were developed and provided by Bionnovation Biomedical Products Ltda. Eluates from these bone substitutes were prepared for toxicity evaluations using eukaryotic cell cultures. HA/PLGA was used as a comparison for Bonefill®. Cell viability was evaluated by XTT assay and surviving fraction was calculated for clonogenic survival. Additionally, tail moment was used to assess genotoxicity (comet assay). The frequencies of binucleated cells with micronucleus (FBMN), micronucleus (FMN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) were analysed by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN assay). Results showed no statistical difference in cell viability compared with negative control (NC) The eluates did not promote delayed cytotoxicity whereas the surviving fraction rate for cultured cells was similar to NC. Furthermore, no genotoxicity or mutagenicity effects were observed for cultured cells with the Bonefill/PLGA and HA/PLGA eluates. In conclusion, the negative cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity results indicate that these bone substitutes presented interesting preliminary results as potential biomaterials for bone repair

Bacterial cellulose-collagen nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering

A nanocomposite based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and type I collagen (COL) was evaluated for in vitro bone regeneration. BC membranes were modified by glycine esterification followed by cross-linking of type I collagen employing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide. Collagen incorporation was studied by spectroscopy analysis. X-Ray diffraction showed changes in the BC crystallinity after collagen incorporation. The elastic modulus and tensile strength for BC-COL decreased, while the strain at failure showed a slight increase, even after sterilization, as compared to pristine BC. Swelling tests and contact angle measurements were also performed. Cell culture experiments performed with osteogenic cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of newborn rat calvarium revealed similar features of cell morphology for cultures grown on both membranes. Cell viability/proliferation was not different between BC and BC-COL membranes at day 10 and 14. The high total protein content and ALP activity at day 17 in cells cultured on BC-COL indicate that this composite allowed the development of the osteoblastic phenotype in vitro. Thus, BC-COL should be considered as alternative biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.FAPESP [08-58776-6, 09/09960-1]FAPESPCNPqCNP

Biopolymer-based membranes associated with osteogenic growth peptide for guided bone regeneration

Barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) mainly promote mechanical maintenance of bone defect space and induce osteopromotion. Additionally, biopolymer-based membranes may provide greater bioactivity and biocompatibility due to their similarity to extracellular matrix (ECM).In this study, biopolymers-based membranes from bacterial cellulose (BC) and collagen (COL) associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP(10–14)) were evaluated to determine in vitro osteoinductive potential in early osteogenesis; moreover, histological study was performed to evaluate the BC–COL OGP(10–14) membranes on bone healing after GBR in noncritical defects in rat femur. The results showed that the BC–COL and BC–COL OGP(10–14) membranes promoted cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cell cultures. However, ECMmineralization was similar between cultures grown on BC OGP(10–14) and BC–COL OGP(10–14) membranes. In vivo results showed that all the membranes tested, including the peptide-free BC membrane, promoted better bone regeneration than control group. Furthermore, the BC–COL OGP(10–14) membranes induced higher radiographic density in the repaired bone than the other groups at 1, 4 and 16 weeks. Histomorpho-metric analyses revealed that the BC–COL OGP(10–14) induced higher percentage of bone tissue in the repaired area at 2 and 4 weeks than others membranes. In general, these biopolymer-based membranes might be potential candidates for bone regeneration applications

Strong Electronic Identification: Survey & Scenario Planning

The deployment of more high-risk services such as online banking and government services on the Internet has meant that the need and demand for strong electronic identity is bigger today more than ever. Different stakeholders have different reasons for moving their services to the Internet, including cost savings, being closer to the customer or citizen, increasing volume and value of services among others. This means that traditional online identification schemes based on self-asserted identities are no longer sufficient to cope with the required level of assurance demanded by these services. Therefore, strong electronic identification methods that utilize identifiers rooted in real world identities must be provided to be used by customers and citizens alike on the Internet. This thesis focuses on studying state-of-the-art methods for providing reliable and mass market strong electronic identity in the world today. It looks at concrete real-world examples that enable real world identities to be transferred and used in the virtual world of the Internet. The thesis identifies crucial factors that determine what constitutes a strong electronic identity solution and through these factors evaluates and compares the example solutions surveyed in the thesis. As the Internet become more pervasive in our lives; mobile devices are becoming the primary devices for communication and accessing Internet services. This has thus, raised the question of what sort of strong electronic identity solutions could be implemented and how such solutions could adapt to the future. To help to understand the possible alternate futures, a scenario planning and analysis method was used to develop a series of scenarios from underlying key economic, political, technological and social trends and uncertainties. The resulting three future scenarios indicate how the future of strong electronic identity will shape up with the aim of helping stakeholders contemplate the future and develop policies and strategies to better position themselves for the future

Materiais compósitos orgânicos-inorgânicos a base de celulose bacteriana com peptídeos regulatórios de fatores de crescimento, OGP e OGP [10-14], para regeneração óssea

Esta tese apresenta a preparação e caracterização de novos materiais compósitos orgânico-inorgânicos baseados em celulose bacteriana (CB) produzida pela bactéria Gluconacetobacter xylinus, colágeno tipo I (COL), hidroxiapatita (HA) e peptídeos regulatórios de fatores de crescimento, “osteogenic growth peptide” OGP e “osteogenic growth peptide [10-14]” OGP [10-14] para aplicação em regeneração óssea. Estudos in vitro e in vivo foram realizados para avaliar o potencial osteocondutor, osteoindutor e a bioatividade destes compósitos. Os peptídeos foram sintetizados pelo método da fase sólida (estratégia Fmoc; SPFS-Fmoc); foram purificados e caracterizados por HPLC, espectrometria de massas e análise de aminoácidos. Os compósitos foram preparados nas seguintes composições, CBCOL, CB-HA, (CB-COL)-HA e (CB-HA)-COL. Os compósitos CB-COL foram preparados inicialmente pela funcionalização da CB pura hidratada pela esterificação do aminoácido glicina empregando a metodologia SPFS-Fmoc, e em seguida realizou-se a incorporação do colágeno empregando 1-etil-3-(3- dimetilaminopropil)-carbodiimida (EDC). Nos compósitos CB-HA, a precipitação da HA foi realizada em CB pura hidratada seguindo ciclos alternados de imersão em soluções de cloreto de cálcio e fosfato de sódio, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, para preparação dos compósitos (CB-COL)-HA, o compósito CB-COL foi empregado como matriz para precipitação da HA, cuja precipitação foi similar ao compósito CBHA. Para preparação dos compósitos (CB-HA)-COL, foram utilizadas matrizes de CB-HA para incorporação do colágeno empregando EDC. As caracterizações realizadas neste trabalho confirmaram a incorporação do COL às matrizes de CB e CB-HA por análises de espectroscopia (FT-IR e Raman) e a difração de raios-X (DRX)...This thesis presents the preparation and characterization of new organic-inorganic composite materials based on bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus, type I collagen (COL), hydroxyapatite (HA) and regulatory peptides of growth factors, osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) and osteogenic growth peptide [10-14] (OGP[10-14]) for application in bone regeneration. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the properties osteoconductive and osteoinductive, and bioactivity these composites. The peptides were synthesized through solid phase methodology (SPS - Fmoc strategy) and purified and characterized by HPLC, mass spectrometry and amino acid assay. The composites were prepared such as, BC-COL, BC-HA, (BC-COL), HA and (BC-HA)- COL. Hydrated BC was modified initially by esterification of glycine amino acid through SPS - Fmoc strategy followed by cross-linking of type I collagen employing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) for preparation of BC-COL composite. In the BC-HA composite, the biomimetic precipitation technique was performed for precipitation of HA on hydrated BC; BC membranes were sequentially incubated in solutions of CaCl2 followed by Na2HPO4, respectively. Additionally, the preparation of (BC-COL)-HA composites, the BC-COL composite was used as template for precipitation of HA crystals, following the biomimetic precipitation technique employed to BC-HA composite; and the preparation of (BC-HA)-COL, the BC-HA composite was used as template for collagen incorporation employing EDC. Characterizations performed in this study confirmed collagen incorporation to BC and BC-HA matrices by spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR and Raman) and that by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed changes in the pattern BC crystallinity after collagen incorporation. In the composites containing HA, analysis of scanning... (Complete abstract click electronic access belFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Análise comparativa na coaptação de tecido periodontal entre adesivo a base de cianoacrilato (super bonder) e fio de sutura.

Análise comparativa na coaptação de tecido periodontal entre adesivo a base de cianoacrilato (super bonder) e fio de sutura

Análise dos efeitos do adesivo dentinário ALL BOND 2 em dentina e polpa de ratos empregando análise histológica.

Análise dos efeitos do adesivo dentinário ALL BOND 2 em dentina e polpa de ratos empregando análise histológica